I have both been pregnant AND have lactated for long periods, and I totally think the two ARE comparable.
But I really would like a fellow pro-lifer's opinion.
Thanks.

Gladys, nobody has a right to anything (object or service), against the will of whoever is to provide it. However, if a particular 'need' is something that can be provided by numerous different people, odds are that someone, somewhere, will be willing to provide is. VS the case on only ONE person being able to provide it. The odds of not being able to get it are far greater. This is basic math. Let's say that the odds of any given person not wanting to provide a particular 'need' of a baby is 10%. If only one person in the world can provide said 'need', then the odds are 10% that any possible provider (being only that one person) won't want to provide it. On the other hand, if there are 10 people who could provide what was needed, then the odds that all 10 of them would not want to provide it, would be only 1%.

Before anything else – please excuse my plain question, but are you a Roman Catholic? I’m asking so I can better understand where you are coming from here. Also, what’s your avatar about? It looks a little like something from the Byzantine era.
“Since there are two coequal purposes of sex then neither one can be emphasized over the other. The procreative purpose brings a new, unique, distinct whole human organism into existence and the unitive purpose helps ensure the most stable and favorable environment is in place for that new human to grow and thrive. Both purposes must be ordered to the greater good of the human race and they can't if we keep separating them.”
While I agree with this paragraph, I notice (no offence intended) that the Catholic Church tends to do just this – emphasise one purpose of sexual intimacy over the other. I also observed that you seemed to be doing it as well, hence my initial reply to your original comment back on LJF.
“Contraception first must be replaced with a reestablishing of a firm understanding of the meaning and purpose of the sex act. What it's ends are. The actual means by which couples can legitimately avoid conceiving children or spacing children can be achieved thru natural family planning.”
Do you think it’s possible that people can do both? I mean, have contraception while preparing people for the very real possibility that it might fail? That being said, while I don’t doubt that some forms of NFP are excellent, I don’t think they are, or should be, the only method out there for sexually active women to use.
Also, if contraception is so wrong, isn’t NFP a form of contraception (albeit a natural one)? If it is a form of birth control what is the difference between using it and using some other form of contraception? In short, why do you believe this way about the NFP/other BC topic?
“Hormonal contraception poses serious health threats and it isn't as effective as it's we're being led to believe.”
While I disagree on the effectiveness (and require proof for this assertion) of the contraceptive properties, I agree that hormonal contraception can cause health problems for the women taking this and this is an issue of great concern to me. I simply believe in improving the drugs and devices so that the women taking them can use them to greater effect without feeling nauseated all the time.
I also know some of these more controversial drugs and devices contain progestin, which is artificial progesterone and overall not the best thing you want for your menstrual health due to its mimicking genuine progesterone, thus allowing menstrual cramps and other menstrual illnesses to continue (even while having the effect of decreasing them in some cases) rather than eliminating the
problems as they should. One major improvement I would make is replace the progestin with a different type of progesterone which would really deal with the cramps and other illnesses so that women could truly live productive lives while going through their cycles.
I am also curious as to what health threats you say it poses?
“It also facilitates the objectification of women. Men only see women as a means to an end.”
In a sense, I agree with this because women shouldn’t be ill all the time so that men can be gratified by their temporary loss of their ability to conceive. I do perceive this as a form of mastery by the man, to subjugate the woman and punish her for daring to delight in sex, plus what you said. However, some women are hardly ill on the drugs but that doesn’t mean we should overlook the plight of those who are. At the same time, women can use them for other purposes besides contraception – like, for their periods – and on that level their lives have improved substantially (that sounds like a contradiction to what I said earlier, but my current position is that if it works for someone they should take it. Also, I do express concerns to make these drugs and
devices better rather than to drive them out of existence). Furthermore, it’s not wrong for a woman not to want a child at that time, so using contraception makes her feel more secure (but you seem to think this is a false sense of security – not being rude, just making an observation) and less fearful of pregnancy. Therefore, I agree and disagree with this point you raised on contraception, because I perceive a society that cares little for women’s health for the sake of men’s sexual gratification to be as dangerous as a society that refuses to provide women an alternative if they don’t wish to be, and I quote, “barefoot and pregnant in the kitchen,” or bent double with crippling pain whilst on their periods. My fellow commenter, Cynthia, who I deeply respect because she has always treated me well even when we've disagreed, has also made excellent points on the pros of contraception, below.
“It's the natural ends or consequences of the sex act., it still happens. Sperm and egg have a habit of doing exactly what they are intended to do in spite of all the available means to prevent it.”
I’m not arguing with that. At the same time, God also gave us the ability to decide – it’s called free will. If we’re not trusting God for the outcome by refusing to have children, then we’re not trusting God for the outcome every time we lock our doors to prevent theft (not on the same level I know, but I’m trying to use it as an example). The idea that the womb needs to be continually open to life is not only fatalistic but also can lead to serious health risks for the mother, which is not prolife at all. Contraception is not naughty, nor is it a sign of disobedience to God. It’s simply an assertion of my free will and either choice is morally neutral, in and of itself.
“It is a consequence that any fertile heterosexual couple who engages in the sex act assumes the risk of occuring.”
I agree, but isn’t this what family planning is for, to prevent this from
happening? Shouldn’t people plan out what will happen if they get pregnant so they know and they can rest secure in the knowledge that this pregnancy doesn’t necessarily have to change their lives? I think part of the reason abortion is so prevalent in our society is that women tend to be taken by surprise when they get pregnant, ironically enough even when they haven’t used contraceptives. If it is a consequence we should be reducing said consequence as much as possible through contraceptives and sex education; after all, married people have sex too!
I find it interesting that you refer to pregnancy as a “consequence” for another reason. If you are Catholic – and I don’t know that – I will say that Catholics have a negative view of sex (or at least it seems so to me) referring to it as “dirty” and such like. I really recommend (with caution on the abortion topic) that any serious Catholic-minded person start reading the Our Bodies, Ourselves website to see sex is not dirty. Also sex is a natural creation of God and as God created sex (not just for procreation but for us to enjoy), how can it be right for us to call it unclean? What about the children that result from it; I thought children were a gift from God not a consequence! Sadly, people can abuse it
through acts like rape and incest, but sex itself, when done between consenting adults, is not dirty and wrong at all. You might like to read Samantha Field’s blog to learn more about healthy sex too; it certainly informed my understanding in a few areas.
“I am saying that couples believe the risk of contraception is far lower than it really is with the wide spread use of contraception. If they don't think the risk is that high they will engage in the act without believing they need to be prepared if the contraception fails.”
While I disagree with your first sentence (again, I would like some evidence to substantiate this claim) I think your second one is very sound. No more needs to be said.
“They will not see the need to ensure the most favorable environment is already in place for the well being of a child that they are risking bringing into existence.”
While I agree with the principle of preparing for pregnancy when you engage in sex, it’s a shame that women can’t just enjoy intimacy without having to think of this all the time. They shouldn’t be bound to this, every hour of every day, especially when they have careers and lives ahead of them; and they shouldn't feel like they should have to abstain either because of it.
“I am referring to ensuring that any child they are risking bringing into existence will have the best possible environment in place to grow into healthy, well-adjusted adults. If the couple isn't ready or committed to providing that, then they shouldn't be having sex until they are.”
I agree with your first sentence, entirely. Couples should plan ahead so any potential children they conceive will be looked after even if they adopt out. That being said I agree and disagree with your second sentence. I agree in the sense that couples should look out for the well being of the future generations, but I disagree in the sense that couples don’t have to become a traditional unit and raise the child together. Sometimes this is NOT a good idea! Did you know that psychopathic men exist?
“That is an excellent question that almost never gets asked. The men who are fathering these kids and abandoning them to be raised by their mothers share the blame and should be held accountable. I think once paternity is proven, there should be mandatory child support payments garnished from their wages or they should be forced to sign away their parental rights so the child can be adopted.”
I do agree with your philosophy at this juncture. Many early feminists thought the same way, Mary Wollstonecraft, the Mother of Modern Feminism who all second-wave feminists adored and worshiped, among them.
Here are a couple of quotes from Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Women, discussing men and financial support:
p. 176
"I mean, therefore, to infer that the society is not properly organized
which does not compel men and women to discharge their respective duties, by making it the only way to acquire that countenance from their fellow-creatures, which every human being wishes some way to attain." (This isn't exactly talking about child support but if someone wanted to apply it they could)
p. 91
"The necessity of polygamy, therefore, does not appear; yet when a man seduces a woman, it should, I think, be termed a left-handed marriage, and the man should be legally obligated to maintain the woman and her children, unless adultery, a natural divorcement, abrogated the law. And this law should remain in force as long as the weakness of women caused the word seduction to be used
as an excuse for their frailty and want of principle; nay, while they depend on man for a subsistence, instead of earning it by the exertion of their own hands or heads. But these women should not, in the full meaning of the relationship, be termed wives, or the very purpose of marriage would be subverted, and all those endearing charities that flow from personal fidelity, and give a sanctity to the tie, where neither love nor friendship unites the hearts, would melt into selfishness. The woman who is faithful to the father of her children demands respect, and should not be treated like a prostitute; though I readily grant that if it be necessary for a man and woman to live together in order to
bring up their offspring, nature never intended that a man should have more than one wife." (In a sense, her words might not apply on the level of careers and breadwinning because women can do that, but they STILL apply a lot on the "she asked to be raped" business plus other areas) (also note I use asterisks* in place of italics)
Even Andrea Dworkin, pro-legal abortion second-wave feminist, points out that men love abortion because it stops them from having to be responsible fathers. So many feminists have picked up on this as well so you are in good company there.
Those are good suggestions you raise but the culture you are suggesting encourages fathers to hide, which is counterproductive to your intentions. Abortion became legal in part because women were tired of being blamed for their biology; we must attempt to change the culture to accommodate women and their biology, rather than change the biology, which is impossible.
“This is not the most favorable environment but it is better than nothing. The main danger of it is the entitlement mentality it tends to foster. If no sense of responsibility is instilled in potential parents up front, they'll see it as a way of abdicating it to someone else.”
Why do you say, entitlement; I really am curious now? That’s a puzzling comment coming from a prolifer, I have to admit. We need to get rid of the old philosophy that says that raising children is only a woman’s job; that’s – again – part of the reason abortion is so rife in this country because women feel they get to decide to kill, but the moment they choose not to they suffer a serious disadvantage – that of having the child palmed off into her hands. One leaf I will take from the Cuban government’s book – they shouldn’t have made it law but it was a good idea – was that fathers spend part of the day with their children, and mothers spend the other part of the day with their children. That way it gets all shared out, without complaints from anyone!!
I can see the danger of people abusing it, especially if it is a government handout; I know of women who have gotten pregnant on purpose to receive benefits from the government and this is a serious abuse of a benefit for solo mothers we have in my country.
Are you against adoption? I am against handing children off willy-nilly myself, but not the principle of adoption per se!
“The attitude that frequent, instant sexual gratification is the greatest good and that it's permissible to use anyone or any means to achieve it for ones self.”
Well, I agree and disagree. Josh Brahm covered this in his article:
http://blog.equalrightsinstitute.com/is-abortion-justified-by-an-inalienable-right-to-sex/
It really is worth the read. I am not for an inalienable right to sex, but I do think we have a right to have sex if that’s what we want – within reason of course. Why some people view sex as so important that they will kill their children for it is emotionally beyond me; at the same time I share their concern when they say that women need equality. I simply disagree that we need abortion to be equal, and I feel that we could do better than this as a society. We need to accommodate both the sexual liberation of women and any children that arise from that liberation because both are equally important, and to downplay the rights of one party is to treat said party as property.
I would have thought that we needed to change the attitude that childbearing and childrearing was the woman’s work alone, and started to become a less selfish, more empathetic society that looked out for one another a lot more than we do. The city is generally cold and impersonal and people tend to be so caught up with their own concerns they never look out for others, and I find that really sad. If prolifism is taken to its logical conclusions it could shake the world into looking out for the needy and desperate ones within its midst so people will feel more inclined to look after one another than they do now. People tend
to think “Your problems are your responsibility” rather than realising we’re all tied together on the great wheel of life so it is our duty to help those less fortunate than ourselves. As Jesus said, “As you did it for one of the least of these, so you have done it for me.”
Sex is healthy, and I would love to have it. I simply plan to be careful in case I get pregnant, that’s all. And I’m against the idea that women must live with the fear of pregnancy hanging over their heads at all times. I agree completely with your sentence but I don’t agree with the excesses some prolifers might take this sentiment to – to basically force women never, never to have sex unless they are willing to become mothers and this is not okay; we are not living in the 1950s and we never will again. What we need to do instead is to alter our attitudes toward sex and pregnancy so that women won’t feel trapped by it but will know that they don’t have to be alone whether they adopt out or keep the baby. You see, legal abortion advocates and conservative prolifers have one thing in common – they believe that raising children is “women’s work”
and that the world will never change to accommodate the ideal of “it takes a village to raise a child”; women are left out in the cold, alone and struggling. I agree, fathers need to pay their bills but all women got when abortion got legalised was a nice little out to kill their children. Nothing important got changed – nothing! I want to see the world’s attitude change on this so we start loving and caring for the least of these rather than say “oh that’s your problem”; it’s uncaring and out of character for who we are as prolifers. Now I am not accusing you of anything; please clarify if I’ve misrepresented your views.
“Women should enjoy sex, there's nothing wrong with that unless they aren't willing to assume everything else that's supposed to go along with that.”
You could have stopped after saying “Women should enjoy sex, there’s nothing wrong with that.” What about changing the attitudes towards sex and pregnancy so that women can more willingly assume everything else that’s supposed to go along with intimacy?According to what you seem to be suggesting, women must give up their careers and dreams and desires if they want sex. I disagree completely with this belief
and I think it’s part of what’s holding us back rather than propelling us
forward:
http://blog.secularprolife.org/2016/11/kill-your-baby-or-kill-your-career-is.html
Mothers deserve self-care, and all the help they can get (hence my suggestions favouring maternity leave and daycare centers). Raising children is no picnic, and it’s easy for people to say that it is when they will never be faced with doing what a woman does, because a woman’s tasks are never done. I’ve watched my mother for years; she is one of the most hardworking people I know, working from sunup to sundown, without a break. I mean this seriously, should every woman’s life be one of constant hard, unpaid toil? Sure, they say there are rewards for it, but I would find motherhood to be an imprisonment (and I really mean that).
Personal motivation for my disagreement: I’m single, and a virgin, but I know I’d like sex if I had it. I don’t want children; I struggle with tokophobia and valid fears of losing my own personhood, and don’t feel ready for marriage. Does that mean I shouldn’t enjoy intimacy? I disagree; what about the men who relish sexual encounters with the fair sex? Hardly any consequences for them I see. I realise that you personally don’t mean it this way, but more often than not, that is the way it works out if women don’t have the tools to sexually empower themselves. I don’t think it’s wrong to like being intimate with a man and not want children; that’s what the principle of birth control is all about.
“Sexual intimacy enhances and strengthens couples only if they are willing to enjoy it in it's proper context of a lifelong, married, committed, union that is open to the transmission of new life.”
What about “child-free” couples (don’t really like that word but can’t find anything else to accurately describe couples who choose not to have children)? Or couples who wanted children but couldn’t have them? I want to ask, are their lifelong, married, committed unions of any less value because they don’t have children, or are all marriages equal before God?
“Women should be seen as living, breathing works of art whose worth goes way beyond being a means to the ends of male sexual gratification.”
That is a beautiful explanation of why I believe in menstrual rights – because menstruation shows that women are exactly as you described them, and they didn’t need children to be that. By this I am referring to one of the spiritual purposes of menstruation = independence. This independence signifies a release or a temporary freeing from society’s rules for her, and it ties into intuition and creativity, allowing her to create or write things she might not have been able to do otherwise. That being said – women can still create and write and do amazing things, without menstruation and without being wives and mothers. I
believe you mean well by your sentence, but women need to be seen as people before anything else, just like men are, with unique purposes to their lives, just as men are. I’m single, young, and feel as if I have a different purpose from being a wife and mother, and my life and contributions count for no less than the homemaker’s.
I want to make it clear I have really enjoyed this conversation and I hope you have too; you have forced me to think a few times and I will probably continue to think about the things you’ve written after I’ve posted this up. That being said, I realise I came across as passionate, but I hope I haven’t come across as hostile or accusatory and scared you away from talking to me due to my earnestness on these topics, and yes, I find you fun to converse with, in part because we disagree so much. I will be taking a vacation from online life for a while but
I do hope that you will stick around, because I would love to chat with you more if we see each other again.

I realize that your views are likely based on religious teachings, and if you aren't willing to think about them critically for that reason, I understand.
That said, since this blog is about engaging in discussion with others, I have to say that as someone who doesn't share those particular religious beliefs, your argument doesn't sound remotely logical.
I'm married with children. After my third child was born, it was pretty clear that there was a great deal of scar tissue and my uterus would not have been able to tolerate another pregnancy that quickly. I was 32, and not at a point where hysterectomy (a major surgery) would have been appropriate, nor was I 100% sure that my childbearing was done. According to you, should my husband and I have remained celibate for the past 12 years? If so, why on earth would we choose to do that?
While I agree that sex has both a unitive and procreative function, I see both functions as potentially positive. You've stated that both need to be present any time that a couple has sex, but you haven't explained or defended that assertion. You argue that the unitive function helps to create the most stable environment for the new life created by the procreative function to thrive. Well, if my husband and I had been forced to remain celibate for the past 12 years, how exactly would that have worked? We have 3 children. Those children need and deserve parents who have a strong relationship. Having a physically intimate relationship (with sexual gratification for both of us) is one of the things that helps us to be the best spouses, and by extension the best parents, that we can be.
We are already married, committed, and providing an ideal environment for children. I simply have a uterus that is quite scarred from 3 c-sections, and a condition called adenomyosis. Hormonal birth control has a number of effects. For me, my Mirena IUD was actually the best treatment for excessive bleeding due to the adenomyosis that was causing serious anemia. My only other options were burning off the uterine lining - painful and prone for failure for patients with adenomyosis - or a hysterectomy (major abdominal surgery with all the associated risks, long recovery period and risk of vaginal vault prolapse). Do you oppose the use of Mirena IUD to control excess bleeding for someone like me? If so, why? What alternative would you propose? More importantly - would you take any steps to prevent women like me from being able to access treatment like this?

There are a few examples in the first paragraph, but all of them (conveniently) appear to be views you don't actually hold. This seems a bit disingenuous to me.
Regarding my examples, are there any you don't agree with? They all seem to be positions you have endorsed in other articles on this blog, and other mainstream pro-life organizations support them as well. Please clarify if I've misrepresented your views.
Pro-choice people already do bring up these points. This is most evident when you look at the way the mass media (which is clearly partial to the pro-choice side, to put it mildly) covers the political aspect of the issue. As Marco Rubio noted, pro-life candidates are constantly asked the hard questions while pro-choice candidates essentially get a free ride. Nobody ever questions Hillary Clinton's presence at the March for Partial-birth Abortion or points out that support for Roe v. Wade is code for abortion on demand through all nine months. I definitely agree that we need to do a better job demonstrating that the most common pro-choice arguments and statements lead to extreme conclusions.

Thanks for bringing to light a problem in my comment. I have now edited the comment. Please see the edits and see if the comment is now coherent, and whether you agree with it.

Thanks.
I wrote --
"If an extremist argument were defined as an argument that
conflicts with correct moral intuitions, then an extremist argument
would necessarily be false/invalid"
-- and you replied in part --
"If an argument appeals to an extreme intuition (an
intuition most people do not hold), then it doesn't follow that it's
false and it certain doesn't follow that it's invalid."
I agree. My above sentence did not say otherwise, and in fact the first sentence of my whole post had been ". . . an extremist argument isn't necessarily invalid . . ." (And by the way, the only point of my above sentence was to eliminate one possible meaning of "extremist" from among the possible meanings Timothy Brahm might have intended.)
It's very late where I am, and I will try to understand your other points in the morning. But if the above clarification changes how you would have written anything else in your post, of course it would help if you would make your changes in the meantime.
And I still sincerely intend to get back to our previous discussion, but recently it's been just one thing after another for me.
Did you check out "Bodily Rights and a Better Idea" (the link)?

Hi Cynthia, I appreciate that you came here to discuss this with me. I'm going to try to respond to at least some of your comments, as time allows.
You said, "Crystal - the problem is that activists who loudly claim to defend
fertilized eggs tend to believe that IUDs "kill" fertilized eggs. Mirena IUDs work fine, and are highly effective. They likely prevent conception, by thickening cervical mucus and inhibiting sperm, but they also thin the lining of the uterus. To some people, thinning the lining of a uterus so that any potential fertilized egg doesn't have a place to implant = murdering a child. Of course, thinning lining of uterus also = no more heavy periods leading to anemia without the need for surgery."
My response:
Yes, I can see the dilemma there. But if they do prevent implantation as prolifers claim (and are intentionally designed to do such) then I'd like to see Christian Religious Right prolifers put their money where their mouths are and see if they can do a better job. I've mentioned this issue of replacement (meaning if you take something away from someone you replace it with something better - it is a philosophy I strongly hold to) many times and I can't understand why the PL movement hasn't adopted it as a strategy wholesale especially if they believe what they claim about the newly conceived lives.
You mentioned the IUDs also decrease heavy periods that lead to anemia, which is a good thing. People really need to weigh the pros and cons of these issues, separate the truth from the lies, and campaign for improvements if they are needed (I tend to think they are).
While I believe in not taking things that prevent implantation (yes I believe life begins at conception), I'm also willing to consider the intentions behind anything preventing implantation (like decreasing menstrual problems) and have a discussion on it, because I think it's important to think through these issues.

Dear Cynthia,
Thank you for taking the time and effort to come down to ERI; I really appreciate it and some of your comments have made me think. That being said, I thought it was only fair to let you know that I will be busy and therefore unable to respond to your queries on this page for a while. Please know I've really enjoyed our chats.
Respectfully,
Crystal

Hi Cynthia. I can’t speak for Crystal, but you do raise many interesting points and I think you deserve a proper response.
Just a minor clarification – the Supreme Court of Canada never ruled that anti-abortion laws in general unjustly violate a woman’s right to bodily autonomy or that a woman has an unlimited right to abortion. In fact, only one justice (Bertha Wilson) wrote that a woman has a right to abortion at all, and she held that parliament could still restrict it after a certain stage of pregnancy (probably sometime in the second trimester). The other four justices in the majority held that one specific abortion law unjustly violated the right to security of person because the procedural requirements (a three doctor committee at a hospital had to determine that the abortion was medically necessary) were too arbitrary and resulted in widespread inequality. For example, some cities had hospitals with pro-choice doctors that would rubberstamp practically any abortion. Others did not have the committees at all, meaning that even women with life-threatening pregnancies could not have abortions. However, all of these justices said that it would be up to parliament to pass a better law. Having no abortion law at all was supposed to be temporary, not the long-term plan for Canada’s future. Furthermore, none of the seven opinions received more than two signatures so none is considered binding precedent. This is a very common misconception – even the prime minister incorrectly said that the Supreme Court affirmed a woman’s right to abortion. There’s good material here:
http://www.morgentalerdecision.ca/charter-right-to-abortion/
I’d agree that, because the unborn live inside and rely on a woman’s body for sustenance, giving them legal protection creates unique and difficult challenges. Threats to maternal health and the problem of substance abuse during pregnancy are good examples. And pro-life advocates often do appear to gloss over these issues. But it’s a massive leap to conclude that a pregnant woman should be able to hire a doctor to destroy her unborn child when there’s no medical need at all (as in the vast majority of abortions – the most common reason given is “having a baby would change my life”, not “my heart cannot tolerate pregnancy”).
Regarding your first point, that New York Times article isn’t the trump card that a lot of people think it is. It shows that making abortion illegal doesn’t prevent all abortions, and that the legality of abortion is not the only factor that affects the abortion rate (perhaps not even the most important one). I don’t know of any pro-life person that’s ever tried to dispute these facts. What it does not show is that abortion laws don’t really work. The most obvious problem is that most countries where abortion is illegal are located in Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East. These regions tend to have widespread poverty and other social problems - poor access to modern medicine, lack of education (especially for women), despotism, government corruption, drug trafficking, high violent crime rates, rape culture and yes, unmet demand for reliable contraception (more on that later). It’s very likely that all of these factors have a profound impact on the abortion rate.
There aren’t many good studies that directly analyze the impact of abortion restrictions. Most studies on the subject are like the one above – they simply compare the averages from countries where abortion is legal to countries where it’s not. When you look at who is conducting much of this research (the Guttmacher Institute, which is dedicated to advancing “reproductive rights”) and providing the funding (ie the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the World Health Organization) it isn’t hard to see why. The purpose of this kind of study is not to determine whether or not abortion laws actually work – it’s to promote an ideological agenda.
Besides the issues with interpretation of the data, there are open questions about the methodology of the studies used to estimate the number of illegal abortions:
https://www.dovepress.com/articles.php?article_id=11688
http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/dec/27/planned-parenthood-think-tank-inflates-abortion-nu/
http://thefederalist.com/2016/05/26/new-report-wildly-inflates-global-abortion-numbers/
With that being said, there are a few studies that take a more rigorous approach. One study from Eastern Europe, following the fall of the Soviet Union, found that restrictive abortion laws corresponded with a 25% decline in abortions:
https://www.dartmouth.edu/~dstaiger/Papers/2004/LevineStaiger%20JLE%202004.pdf
Furthermore, even the Guttmacher Institute is willing to admit that ending public subsidies for abortion can reduce it by up to 35% among eligible women:
https://www.guttmacher.org/about/gpr/2007/03/heart-matter-public-funding-abortion-poor-women-united-states
Other (pro-life) researchers estimate that the Hyde Amendment prevented over two million abortions:
https://lozierinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/OP_hyde_9.28.3.pdf
Clearly, making abortion more difficult to get means that not as many women will have abortions.
I wouldn’t make too much of the comparison between Canada and the U.S. The most recent data (2011) puts the abortion rate at 16.9 per 1000 women for the U.S:
https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/induced-abortion-united-states
The Abortion Rights Coalition of Canada (which supports abortion on demand, in case you couldn’t tell from the name) estimates the 2014 abortion rate to be 14.7 abortions per 1000 women.
http://www.arcc-cdac.ca/backrounders/statistics-abortion-in-canada.pdf
To arrive at this figure, they had to make a fair number of assumptions since several clinics in Ontario and one in British Columbia did not provide data. The true figure could be higher, or it could be lower. We also don’t know much about how many late-term abortions are performed, or why women have them. Of course, the American data has its own problems too. Pro-life advocates in both Canada and the United States are campaigning for better data collection, which should be something people on all sides of the issue should support. Unfortunately, abortion advocates don’t seem to be on the same page.
https://lozierinstitute.org/abortion-reporting-toward-a-better-national-standard-summary/
http://news.nationalpost.com/full-comment/natalie-hudson-sonnen-canada-hides-from-its-embarrassing-abortion-statistics
http://run-with-life.blogspot.ca/2013/01/the-hidden-cost-of-abortion-in-ontario.html
http://run-with-life.blogspot.ca/2015/11/a-pro-abortions-many-factual.html
http://run-with-life.blogspot.ca/2016/08/how-can-we-discuss-abortion-when-we_20.html
But even if we take Canada’s abortion rate at face value, we don’t really have much to be proud of. 14.7 is a little lower than 16.9, but the latter figure is three years older. Given that abortion clinics in the U.S. are rapidly closing and abortion rates are steadily declining, its abortion rate may well be lower than Canada’s in 2016. There is also evidence that sex-selective abortions are taking place in Canada, and there may even be cases where babies are born alive and left to die after an abortion.
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/health/some-couples-in-canada-practising-prenatal-sex-selection-in-favour-of-male-fetuses-studies-show/article29583670/
http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/born-alive-dead-in-moments-grey-zone-of-live-birth-abortions-a-deep-divide-between-mps-and-physicians
Lastly, although Canada has no abortion law at all and it’s funded by the government in most provinces, that doesn’t necessarily mean women have unlimited access to abortion. Recall that, up until very recently, the province of Prince Edward Island had no abortion at all. RU-486 also wasn’t approved until last July, so nearly all abortions were done surgically. Abortion advocates are also aggressively pushing the narrative that it’s so difficult to get an abortion that we need to force pro-life medical professionals to give abortion clinics free advertising (or even perform elective abortions themselves in some cases) – a prospect I find terrifying. So it’s hard to know when we’re supposed to believe them – does Canada have a low abortion rate even though they’re really easy to obtain, or is it too hard to get an abortion? They can’t have it both ways.
Now, let’s turn to the United States. Recall that America is not just a monolithic country. Rather, it spans a landmass of 9.15 million square kilometres and has a population of 324 million. So instead of looking only at the bottom line (overall abortion rate), we would do well to dig a little deeper. Most of the interesting policies happen at the state level. Each of the 50 states has different laws regarding healthcare, abortion restrictions, birth control access, sex education, and social safety net. So as you might expect, abortion rates vary considerably between states. There are many different ways to distinguish among state policies, but perhaps the simplest is to look at the kinds of politicians they elect. “Blue” states tend to vote Democratic candidates for the presidency (and to govern at the state level), while “red” states elect Republicans. Democrats tend to favour abortion on demand, expanding birth control coverage, comprehensive sex education, and a more generous welfare state. Republicans tend to support low taxes, more limits on abortion, and are less enthusiastic about sex-ed and free birth control (though nobody is actually trying to ban contraception, contrary to what you might hear). Obama’s five best states (from the 2012 election) were D.C, Hawaii, Vermont, New York, and Rhode Island. His worst five were Utah, Wyoming, Oklahoma, Idaho, and West Virginia. If you average the abortion rates for Obama’s best five states, you’ll get a number that’s over four times as high as the average for his worst five states:
https://data.guttmacher.org/states/table?topics=65+68&dataset=data&state=US+DC+HI+VT+NY+RI+WV+ID+OK+WY+UT
Notice, also, that all of the five reddest states have abortion rates below the national average (some of them well below the national average). All but one of the blue states, on the other hand, have above average abortion rates. The link isn’t quite as strong if you look at state of residence (that is, if you account for women that travel out of state to have an abortion), but it’s still there. There are other ways of slicing the data (percentage of adults that are pro-life, state rankings from pro-life or pro-choice advocacy groups), but I think you’ll still get the same results. At least at first glance, it looks like the red states are doing something right. Now, differences in government policies aren’t the only differences between these states and correlation isn’t causation. But we would expect Rhode Island to have a lot more in common with Idaho than either state would have with Norway or Iceland. And the blue states are certainly more similar to the red states than El Salvador is to Belgium.
Last but not least, let’s look at Ireland – the only country in the developed world that doesn’t allow elective abortion under any circumstances. Critics of Ireland’s pro-life law love to point out that Irish women travel to England to have abortions. But despite the media hysteria, this number is relatively small and steadily declining:
http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/policy/abortion/ab-ireland.html
http://www.hse.ie/eng/services/news/media/pressrel/newsarchive/archive15/jun15/UKabortionfigures.html
Of course, even one abortion is too many. But how could anyone say with a straight face that this law doesn’t work? Ireland’s abortion rate is lower than the UK’s (by a factor of four) and well below the average for Western Europe. It even compares favourably to the Netherlands, which is often touted as the gold standard for “safe, legal, and rare”.
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/433437/2014_Commentary__5_.pdf
http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/policy/abortion/ab-netherlands.html
And when they have a story that’s heart wrenching enough, people campaigning to repeal pro-life laws sometimes admit that they do indeed prevent abortions:
http://www.lifenews.com/2016/08/29/abortion-supporters-mom-tried-to-abort-her-it-would-have-been-better-for-my-mom-if-she-had/
“Making abortion illegal doesn’t stop women from having them” is a very clever slogan, and it generally goes unchallenged in the mass media. It bypasses the hard questions (ie “should we allow this questionable practice?”) and instead casts the issue as a matter of whether or not abortion should be safe for the woman (which would be a pretty easy one for a pro-choice person to win, if that’s really all there is to it). But the evidence does not support it, and a more careful look at the data suggests that the law can in fact have a major effect on the number of women that have abortions.
Only 1% of abortions are done after 20 weeks, but that doesn’t mean late-term abortion is rare. All it shows is that there are a lot of early abortions. Given that there are over a million abortions in the U.S. every year, that adds up to 10000+ late-term abortions. This is comparable to the number of deaths from gun violence, which is an epidemic (or so I’ve been told). Most women don’t have late-term abortions for frivolous reasons, but a few come pretty close. See this story from Australia, where a woman had an abortion at 28 weeks because her child would have been missing fingers on his left hand. Abortion proponents responded by basically complaining that she wasn’t able to abort at 23 weeks instead:
http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/i-felt-i-had-been-abandoned-inconsistency-and-fear-surrounds-lateterm-abortion-20141121-11r83k
But whether women make “casual decisions” to have abortions has never been the benchmark for whether or not abortion is acceptable. The benchmark is whether or not their circumstances would justify killing a human being. We would not tolerate killing a toddler (for example) because raising them would be too expensive, so likewise we should not tolerate killing an unborn child for socioeconomic reasons. While the data on why women have late-term abortions is limited (a problem pro-life activists are trying to correct, as discussed above), the evidence we do have suggests that most are not done for medical reasons or for fetal abnormalities:
http://www.factcheck.org/2015/09/clinton-off-on-late-term-abortions/
I haven’t personally been unfortunate enough to have a doctor tell me that my unborn child has a fatal defect. But I know that, for any new parents, finding out that their baby isn’t going to be okay is their greatest fear. That being said, I tend to be skeptical of people who use terrible stories like that to defend abortion. Very often, they end up being too good to be true. Here is one example:
http://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2016/04/05/viral-story-blamed-texas-20-week-abortion-ban-for-couples-ordeal-but-the-law-didnt-apply
Sometimes though, even babies thought to have absolutely no chance of long-term survival end up beating the odds when given the chance to live. Here is one such case of a boy born with hydrocephaly, who still faces many challenges but looks to be on track to have a normal life:
http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/boy-battling-spina-bifida-stuns-6698107
So while this is a difficult issue, letting some viable children be killed doesn’t seem like a fair price to pay for sparing women with non-viable children from having to undergo Caesarean sections. And there are probably more than we think – the threat of frivolous lawsuits gives doctors a pretty strong incentive to encourage or even pressure women to have abortions. 25 states currently allow wrongful birth lawsuits, which sometimes have eight figure payouts. But even if we somehow knew (with absolute certainty) that a given unborn child had no chance of long-term survival, “they were going to die anyway” shouldn’t mean that they have less of a right to not be killed. If we extended that reasoning, it would mean that a terminally ill person could be killed if caring for them would be too expensive. After all, the outcome wouldn’t be any different either way. That doesn’t seem right. Whether a person should have the right to live shouldn’t depend on how long they’re expected to live.
I’m not sure why people still insist on using “so-called” and other such innuendo to refer to partial-birth abortion. The term is well defined in U.S. federal law, and there is nothing inaccurate about it. The baby is partially birthed (breech), then the head is punctured with surgical scissors and the brain is vacuumed out. When it was legal, most were performed on healthy mothers with healthy babies:
http://www.nrlc.org/archive/abortion/pba/Haskellinstructional.pdf
http://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/26/us/an-abortion-rights-advocate-says-he-lied-about-procedure.html
I think the life of the mother case is a non-starter here. No late-term abortion ban, in any state, applies to a woman whose life is endangered from pregnancy (much less medical treatment that can indirectly harm the unborn child). The federal partial-birth abortion ban also has an exception for life of the mother. Even Ireland doesn’t stop doctors from doing whatever is necessary to save a pregnant woman’s life.
You can definitely find cases where the criminal justice system has been heavy-handed in enforcing fetal protection laws, sometimes creating situations that put both mother and child at risk of greater harm. But this is not unique to laws protecting unborn children. We’ve seen parents charged with child endangerment for letting their kids climb a tree or walk to the playground. While the situations have some differences, we still see that the poor are affected disproportionately and that there’s a mismatch between level of outrage and actual risk of harm. This is certainly a problem, but no serious person would say that the solution is just to get rid of Child Protective Services and not have any laws protecting children.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2014/07/14/and-now-the-criminalization-of-parenthood/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2014/07/30/the-criminalization-of-parenthood-continued/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2015/10/02/child-protective-services-and-the-criminalization-of-parenthood/
What we don’t have is evidence that fetal protection laws, in general, are harmful or counterproductive. Recall that forty different states have some type of law protecting unborn children from violence, yet pregnant women going to jail for drug abuse is not a widespread problem. Rather, the data suggests that it’s mainly clustered around a few hospitals (mostly in southern states):
http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/337884/rhrealitycheck-pregnancy-study-fails-deliver-michael-j-new
I don’t think Jeff Durham, who was essentially told by the courts that the murder of his daughter Molly didn’t matter because she wouldn’t be born for another 10 weeks, would agree that not having a fetal protection law works.
While I think abortion rates would be higher if there was no birth control at all (as in Communist Romania), diminishing returns come into play. If most women lack access to birth control, you could probably reduce the number of abortions by making it easier to obtain. But if it’s already easy to get birth control, making it easier to get won’t do much (if anything). As for the Colorado study, it’s not really the gamechanger that it’s hyped up to be:
https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2015-08-07/free-contraception-can-t-end-the-abortion-debate
http://www.nationalreview.com/agenda/385884/no-one-program-did-not-reduce-colorados-teen-pregnancy-rate-40-percent-callie-gable
Similarly, comprehensive sex education also gets mixed results (at best):
http://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/oah-initiatives/evaluation/grantee-led-evaluation/summary-ebps.pdf
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1180262/Most-teenage-pregnancies-end-abortion.html
(it’s lower now, but that seems to be because teenagers are busy taking selfies rather than getting drunk and having sex - not because of sex education programs)
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/12189376/How-teenage-pregnancy-collapsed-after-birth-of-social-media.html
More importantly though, even if we could greatly reduce the number of abortions by throwing lots of condoms and IUDs at the problem, that’s not enough. As long as abortion is legal, the law gives no protection to an unborn child if their mother wants to hire a doctor to kill them. This is a fundamentally unjust system regardless of how many women actually have abortions. To draw an analogy, female genital cutting is widely practiced in several countries. It would be absurd to say that we should deal with the underlying causes but keep the practice legal. We should definitely look at and try to address the root causes, but it’s a grotesque human rights abuse that should not be sanctioned by the law even if it’s only done once per year.
Regarding your story about pregnancy counselling, that unfortunately seems to say a lot more about abortion clinics than it does about crisis pregnancy centres. Crisis pregnancy centres have undergone a lot of criticism lately, particularly regarding scare tactics and lying to women. Pro-lifers say that this is overblown. The truth is probably somewhere in between. But we at least know this: no crisis pregnancy centre has ever performed an irreversible surgical procedure, one that sometimes comes with a lifetime of grief and misery, on a woman who desperately didn’t want it done but wasn’t presented with any other options. That one is completely on the abortion clinic. As for the Israeli organizations, apparently abortion advocates don’t like them either. Go figure.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efrat_(organization)

“There's nothing wrong with the term "anti-abortion". However, I
think "pro-life" is a better one because the pro-life movement as a
whole generally opposes destructive embryo research, euthanasia, and infanticide of handicapped newborns (a big controversy in the 1980s) in addition to abortion.”
Oh right, okay. It’s just that anti-abortion seems to be a big part of the mainstream PL movement’s work, more so than anything
else. That being said I will try to remember this for the future. I think that the PL beliefs push their biggest efforts in these areas because no one else is talking about them, would that be correct?
“Words ultimately mean what they're commonly understood to mean, and language evolves over time.”
If language evolves over time, then what will happen if the PL movement starts opposing insecticides and hunting for sport, for
starters? Will it still be seen as prolife?
“The dictionary definition, along with the priorities of pro-life
organizations, are a much better indicator of what it actually means to be pro-life.”
Yes it is, but at the same time, prolife needs to become more inclusive of all kinds of people and situations while continuing to
embrace the ones it already holds fast to. We need to stop allowing parents to faith-heal their children without proper medical care. We need to stop advocating for people in poverty to live that way. We need to GROW, in other words.
“We all saw how stupid Donald Trump looked when he did the prefix analysis thing to explain what it means to be a conservative.”
I haven’t seen that, so … please explain.

“Excuse me for being brief, as my plate is really full today.”
That’s fine; I’m busy too so my response is equally brief out of necessity. Don’t feel you must apologise; I completely understand.
“I'm not that interested in coming up with a coherent pacifist position, because I think pacifism is well-meaning yet very morally problematic.”
I can understand that. I also believe pacifism is problematic, it is a position generally held by rich white people and no one else (my intersectionalist training is coming out, LOL). However, I did NOT ask for this; I asked instead “What is a reasonable alternative to stating the idea that it is wrong to take unborn persons lives without giving ground on self-defence, war, and capital punishment for serial killers including Hitler?” If that is asking for a coherent pacifist position then I’m not sure how?
“I think sometimes we have the moral responsibility to not only defend ourselves AND other innocent people who are being slain but can't defend themselves.”
ITA with that. I’m pro self-defence, martial arts, boxing, wrestling, owning a gun etc.
“I think one of the main problems with your "squirrels are persons" argument is the definition of personhood you're using. (Beyond the fact that you're working with two different and contradictory definitions at the same time.)”
I think so as well.
“I don't think ("feeling pain" + "being wise") is the most coherent
definition for personhood.”
I don’t either. But some legal abortion advocates do. Furthermore it used to be used as a definition in olden days to argue against slavery and suppression of women.
I’m curious to know, how do you define personhood, and why?
“I'm not even sure squirrels would be in if that WAS the right definition, because I doubt that "wisdom" ought to be attributed to squirrels, but that would come down to your definition of wisdom.”
Well, animals live by instinct, for one thing. I’m a little unsure of their sapient abilities but they are definitely generally sentient. I suppose I define wisdom, in the case of animals, as following intuition correctly etc. Strangely enough I do believe animals are capable of rational thought although I disagree with Peter Singer’s notion of giving an ape classroom time on the same level as
a disabled child. I think that’s insulting to both people and animals, TBH. For one thing, animals shouldn’t need to be recognised as creatures with human abilities to be shown any degree of respect; for another, it is demeaning to compare a disabled child to an animal as it is suggesting the child has inferior abilities to other people, and the animal has inferior abilities to a person. Yes, I agree I should think through the first definition more.
"View Two - But even if I didn't believe they are persons, I would believe they have rights as living species."
“I'm assuming you mean natural rights as opposed to rights granted by the government.”
I mean God-given rights to respect life independent of the government, yes.
Aren’t natural rights problematic though? Weren’t they created by the Catholic church to say homosexuality and self-pleasuring were morally degradant? Although I do believe abortion is a crime against nature as no animal would kill their offspring (yes they kill it sometimes, I know) in the barbaric way that abortion is performed.
“I think it is morally wrong to torture squirrels. I don't think that necessarily means that squirrels have natural rights or whether my intrinsic and immediate capacity to understand right from wrong means that I would be doing a great evil by torturing a squirrel.”
I’m glad we agree that it’s morally wrong to torture squirrels. But it’s a given, because your mind isn’t twisted.
Squirrels do have rights as living beings – to have their habitats treated with respect, to be left free of interference, to be protected from predators, and if it came to it I don’t believe it is wrong to use self-defence against any creature that is out to harm you.
If someone asked me, I would answer, that you would be doing great evil by torturing a squirrel, for two reasons: how would you like to be treated like that yourself? And what about the fact that we’re tied together in the great cycle of life; it’s like mistreating myself to harm a creature that did me no wrong.
"Am I less grown-up somehow because I believe this? Most of my life I grew up on a farm, with a lot of animals, death and life in a perpetual cycle. So I know whereof I speak."
“I'm not sure what you mean by this, given that it's right after your argument that pro-lifers cannot be consistent if they eat meat, given that "the earth is mother." The way it comes across to me is an implication that you grew up on a farm, therefore your view must be right.”
It’s meant to be an explanation of my viewpoint.
It’s very natural for us to believe our views are right. I’m trying to work on that; however I do feel strongly about this because how we treat animals today is the way we will treat human beings tomorrow.
That being said I had no wish to come across as arrogant. I admit I was reacting a little to this statement: “I’m cautiously optimistic that many of the college students I have seen agree to awful conclusions will grow up eventually and recognize that squirrels aren’t people …” Since I’ve received a barrage of discouraging, almost mocking, feedback from fellow PL people over this very
issue I thought I was being poked at again and I’m sorry for taking it out on you.
“If that's indeed what you're trying to say, I would respond that it's possible that eating meat is wrong and inconsistent with being pro-life. (That's not currently my view, but I'm open-minded about it.)”
And you would be correct. However, I don’t think that it’s as inconsistent to eat meat and call yourself anti-abortion, although I would still question the moral consistency of such a decision.
“However I would also say that it's possible that you grew up on a farm and ended up with incorrect views about ethics and/or metaphysics.”
May I ask how you know for certain that my views are incorrect?
I’m not adverse to admitting they could be incorrect but I don’t appreciate being told they are incorrect without a thorough examination of said views (not that you were doing this, but again, others have been really rude). What is so incorrect about them anyway?
“Your life experience may help you to make compelling arguments, but it's not a trump card.”
I didn’t intend it that way.
“You've always come across to me as a pretty open-minded person though, so I may be interpreting you wrong. My apologies if you meant something completely different. :)”
In all honesty, I think you are interpreting me wrong in some ways. Yes, I can be dogmatic on this, and I did not mean my comment about growing up on a farm to be boastful but rather to explain where I was coming from a little so that all the readers could understand my perspective better. And yes, I’m open-minded, to hearing where I’m wrong and right, etc.
“I do not think that the label "pro-life" must mean "anti-killing of any form of life."”
I do agree with that, because sometimes you must take one life to
save many and it is the most PL thing you could do – Hitler being one nasty example of this principle. I can see that I need to work on some of my definitions.
“As one example, when I used to record the Life Report podcast, I would have to go into the studio and kill the cockroaches in the room. (That one room happened to be the one that was the most attractive for cockroaches to come in from outside.) So I'd step on them quickly and sweep their bodies into a dustpan and throw
them away.”
I feel sorry for the poor cockroaches :(
Why’d you have to kill them anyway, if I might ask?
“If your interpretation of "pro-life" is correct then there is a tragic irony to this story, given that this was always the first step to us recording a "pro-life podcast."”
I think the tragic irony comes from not defining our terms. When we say prolife it means something to people, hence the examples of capital punishment, faith healing, etc, that are brought up against us. I think what I’m trying to drive at here is that it’s been politicised to mean one specific form of life – unborn humans. That being said, in a way I can understand this, because it is from within the womb that human life begins.
Thanks for humouring me. I think I should go through the viewpoints I espoused and critically examine them when I get
time.
I hope we can discuss this more as I do want to weed out inconsistencies in my thinking. Also I appreciate your being
respectful and I am more than happy to keep talking about this and any incorrect thinking I might have if you would kindly oblige me.